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class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"610\" src=\"https:\/\/readfi.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/S__184721453-1024x610.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-41535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/readfi.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/S__184721453-1024x610.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/readfi.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/S__184721453-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/readfi.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/S__184721453-768x457.jpg 768w, https:\/\/readfi.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/S__184721453-18x11.jpg 18w, https:\/\/readfi.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/S__184721453.jpg 1310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u975e\u624d\u4e4b\u96e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7528\u8005\u5be6\u96e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8607\u8efe\u3008\u8cc8\u8abc\u8ad6\u3009\u958b\u7bc7\u5373\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u975e\u624d\u4e4b\u96e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7528\u8005\u5be6\u96e3\u3002\u300d\u7528\u4f86\u8a55\u5ddd\u666e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u8cbc\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u8003\u5fb7\u5a01\u723e\uff08Christopher Caldwell\uff09\u7684\u3008\u5ddd\u666e\u641e\u7838\u4e86\u3009\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u7d30\u8b80\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u5ddd\u666e\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u908a\u5883\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u683c\u9675\u862d\u7684\u6230\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5728\u897f\u534a\u7403\u6297\u8861\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u5927\u9ad4\u4e0d\u5dee\uff1b\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u5ddd\u666e\u624b\u63e1\u597d\u724c\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u6c11\u8abf\u986f\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5ea6\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e94\u6210\u3002\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u53ea\u6703\u793a\u5f37\u3001\u4e0d\u6703\u8aaa\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u975e\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5c0d\u624b\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u4ed6\u63da\u8a00\u628a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f75\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u5dde\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u66ff\u5361\u5c3c\uff08Mark Carney\uff09\u9001\u4e0a\u52dd\u9078\uff1b\u4ed6\u8a46\u6bc0\u4e39\u9ea5\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u63db\u4f86\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u683c\u9675\u862d\u5b89\u5168\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u8003\u5fb7\u5a01\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u7576\u521d\u958b\u53e3\u5c31\u80fd\u8ac7\u5230\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u4eca\u7f8e\u3001\u4ee5\u5169\u8ecd\u5df2\u64ec\u59a5\u77ed\u4fc3\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e94\u89d2\u5927\u5ec8\u5b98\u54e1\u5247\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u5340\u57df\u5167\u6578\u8655\u7f8e\u8ecd\u57fa\u5730\u906d\u4f0a\u6717\u91cd\u5275\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u4f46\u66fe\u516d\u5ea6\u51fa\u4efb\u5927\u4f7f\u7684\u514b\u7f85\u514b\uff08Ryan Crocker\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u627f\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6975\u9ad8\uff0c\u518d\u8f5f\u70b8\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u5f37\u9805\u4e0a\u89d2\u529b\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u6642\u671f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e2d\u6771\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u590f\u76ae\u7f85\uff08Daniel Shapiro\uff09\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u66f4\u51b7\uff1a\u4f0a\u6717\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u9001\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u8b93\u5ddd\u666e\u5ba3\u7a31\u52dd\u5229\u7684\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u5269\u5169\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u5347\u7d1a\u518d\u81ea\u7a31\u52dd\u5229\uff0c\u6216\u4e7e\u8106\u62bd\u8eab\u3002\u6851\u683c\u9084\u9ede\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff1a\u5ddd\u666e\u5169\u9031\u5167\u8981\u51fa\u8a2a\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u60f3\u5728\u5404\u570b\u9818\u8896\u9762\u524d\u8b49\u660e\u6b0a\u529b\u672a\u6e1b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0b\u6309\u4e0b\u7684\u6309\u9215\uff0c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u6182\u616e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8005\u5fb7\u96f7\u8332\u7d0d\uff08Daniel Drezner\uff09\u8207\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\uff08Elizabeth Saunders\uff09\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u8ddb\u9d28\u5ddd\u666e\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u8207\u53e4\u5df4\u52d5\u6b66\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u3002\u53e4\u5df4\u81ea\u4e00\u6708\u8d77\u627f\u53d7\u7f8e\u65b9\u80fd\u6e90\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u5927\u505c\u96fb\u63a5\u9023\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u76e7\u6bd4\u6b50\u516c\u958b\u547c\u7c72\u53e4\u5df4\u63db\u4eba\u57f7\u653f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5f15\u5510\u65af\uff08Alexander Downes\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u66f4\u8fed\u4ed6\u570b\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u9bae\u5c11\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53e4\u5df4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u63db\u4f86\u53e6\u4e00\u6ce2\u6e67\u5411\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u6f6e\u3002\u6234\u9ad8\u6a02\u8aaa\uff0c\u689d\u7d04\u5982\u73ab\u7470\u8207\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u591a\u4e45\u4fbf\u7dad\u6301\u591a\u4e45\u3002\u4f10\u8b00\u672a\u6210\uff0c\u4f10\u4ea4\u4e0d\u8aa0\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u53ea\u5269\u653b\u57ce\uff1b\u800c\u57ce\u5916\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u66f4\u96e3\u653b\u7684\u57ce\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u570b\u5167\u6cb9\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8aaa\u670d\u4e4b\u6b0a\u8207\u5426\u6c7a\u4e4b\u7b46<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8005\u7d10\u65af\u5854\u7279\uff08Richard Neustadt\uff09\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u3007\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u7e3d\u7d71\u6b0a\u529b\u300b\u5beb\u4e0b\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u670d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u8b70\u54e1\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u807d\u8a71\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9084\u8981\u8207\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f80\u4f86\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u9032\u5165\u5012\u6578\uff0c\u8aaa\u670d\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u6f0f\u6c23\u7684\u6c23\u7403\u3002\u8ddb\u9d28\u56e0\u6b64\u8f49\u5411\u624b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5b8c\u6574\u7121\u7f3a\u7684\u4e09\u6a23\u6771\u897f\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u5426\u6c7a\u6b0a\uff08veto\uff09\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6b0a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u3001\u7279\u8d66\u6b0a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5b78\u8005\u885b\u9054\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff08Aaron Wildavsky\uff09\u65e9\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u516d\u5e74\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u300c\u5169\u500b\u7e3d\u7d71\u300d\uff1a\u5167\u653f\u7e3d\u7d71\u8655\u8655\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u570b\u6703\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u7e3d\u7d71\u5247\u6d77\u95ca\u5929\u7a7a\u3002\u5931\u53bb\u570b\u6703\u7684\u8ddb\u9d28\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u6d77\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u4e4b\u7b46\u540c\u6a23\u9748\u6d3b\u3002\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u65e5\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u4ed6\u63f4\u5f15\u300a\u570b\u969b\u7dca\u6025\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b0a\u529b\u6cd5\u300b\u8ab2\u5fb5\u7684\u95dc\u7a05\u903e\u8d8a\u6b0a\u9650\uff1b\u9694\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6539\u4f9d\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u56db\u5e74\u300a\u8cbf\u6613\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e8c\u689d\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u95dc\u7a05\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u5341\u4e94\u3002\u570b\u6703\u901a\u904e\u3001\u4e5d\u6708\u7d93\u4ed6\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u5c0d\u4fc4\u5236\u88c1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5341\u6708\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u4e5f\u88ab\u4ed6\u4ee5\u300c\u7b26\u5408\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u300d\u70ba\u7531\u8c41\u514d\u5927\u534a\u3002\u516d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728Trump v. Slaughter\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\uff0c\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f9e\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u64a4\u63db\u7368\u7acb\u6a5f\u95dc\u9996\u9577\u3002\u8003\u5fb7\u5a01\u723e\u8aaa\u5f97\u597d\uff1a\u7e3d\u7d71\u82e5\u8981\u64c1\u6709\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4fbf\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5177\u5099\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66fe\u4efb\u5ddd\u666e\u9996\u4efb\u570b\u5b89\u6703\u5e55\u50da\u9577\u7684\u845b\u745e\uff08Alexander Gray\uff09\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u9019\u6279\u65b0\u79d1\u8b70\u54e1\u7121\u8ad6\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8272\u5f69\u90fd\u6bd4\u904e\u53bb\u6de1\u8584\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u95dc\u4fc2\u6cd5\u300b\u80fd\u5c79\u7acb\u56db\u5341\u9918\u5e74\uff0c\u9760\u7684\u662f\u570b\u6703\u5169\u9ee8\u4e16\u4ee3\u76f8\u50b3\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff1b\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u4e00\u65e6\u8b8a\u8584\uff0c\u689d\u6587\u4fbf\u53ea\u5269\u7d19\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u65e5\u7684\u4e5d\u5408\u4e00\u9078\u8209\u4f75\u540c\u6838\u96fb\u516c\u6295\uff0c\u8ddd\u6df1\u5733\u5cf0\u6703\u843d\u5e55\u50c5\u4e5d\u5929\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5169\u5cb8\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5c07\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u88e1\u5404\u81ea\u63a5\u53d7\u8003\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 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